Étiquette : future (Page 2 of 7)

Google « We Have No Moat, And Neither Does OpenAI »

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“At the beginning of March the open source community got their hands on their first really capable foundation model, as Meta’s LLaMA was leaked to the public. It had no instruction or conversation tuning, and no RLHF. Nonetheless, the community immediately understood the significance of what they had been given. A tremendous outpouring of innovation followed, with just days between major developments (see The Timeline for the full breakdown). Here we are, barely a month later, and there are variants with instruction tuning, quantization, quality improvements, human evals, multimodality, RLHF, etc. etc. many of which build on each other. Most importantly, they have solved the scaling problem to the extent that anyone can tinker. Many of the new ideas are from ordinary people. The barrier to entry for training and experimentation has dropped from the total output of a major research organization to one person, an evening, and a beefy laptop.”

Source : Google « We Have No Moat, And Neither Does OpenAI »

‘The Godfather of AI’ Quits Google and Warns of Danger Ahead

Geoffrey Hinton, wearing a dark sweater.

“Around the same time, Google, OpenAI and other companies began building neural networks that learned from huge amounts of digital text. Dr. Hinton thought it was a powerful way for machines to understand and generate language, but it was inferior to the way humans handled language.
Then, last year, as Google and OpenAI built systems using much larger amounts of data, his view changed. He still believed the systems were inferior to the human brain in some ways but he thought they were eclipsing human intelligence in others. “Maybe what is going on in these systems,” he said, “is actually a lot better than what is going on in the brain.”
As companies improve their A.I. systems, he believes, they become increasingly dangerous. “Look at how it was five years ago and how it is now,” he said of A.I. technology. “Take the difference and propagate it forwards. That’s scary.”
Until last year, he said, Google acted as a “proper steward” for the technology, careful not to release something that might cause harm. But now that Microsoft has augmented its Bing search engine with a chatbot — challenging Google’s core business — Google is racing to deploy the same kind of technology. The tech giants are locked in a competition that might be impossible to stop”

Source : ‘The Godfather of AI’ Quits Google and Warns of Danger Ahead – The New York Times

Yann Le Cun, «parrain de l’IA» : «L’intelligence artificielle conduira peut-être à un nouveau siècle des Lumières»

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“«Certains ont parlé dans des termes trop excessifs des dangers possibles des systèmes d’IA jusqu’à la «destruction de l’humanité». Mais l’IA en tant qu’amplificateur de l’intelligence humaine conduira peut-être à une espèce de nouvelle renaissance, un nouveau siècle des Lumières avec une accélération du progrès scientifique, peut-être du progrès social. Ça fait peur, comme toute technologie qui risque de déstabiliser et de changer la société.
«C’était le cas pour l’imprimerie. L’Eglise catholique disait que ça détruirait la société, mais elle s’est plutôt améliorée. Ça a engendré bien sûr l’apparition du mouvement protestant et des guerres de religion pendant un ou deux siècles en Europe, mais a également permis l’essor du siècle des Lumières, de la philosophie, le rationalisme, la science, la démocratie, la révolution américaine et la révolution française… Il n’y aurait pas eu ça sans l’imprimerie. A la même époque, au XVe siècle, l’Empire ottoman a interdit l’usage de l’imprimerie. Ils avaient trop peur d’une déstabilisation possible de la société et de la religion. La conséquence est que l’Empire ottoman a pris 250 ans de retard dans le progrès scientifique et social, ce qui a grandement contribué à son déclin. Alors qu’au Moyen Age, l’Empire ottoman a été dominant dans la science. Donc on a le risque, certainement en Europe, mais aussi dans certaines parties du monde, de faire face à un nouveau déclin si on est trop frileux sur le déploiement de l’intelligence artificielle.»”

Source : Yann Le Cun, «parrain de l’IA» : «L’intelligence artificielle conduira peut-être à un nouveau siècle des Lumières» – Libération

OpenAI’s CEO Says the Age of Giant AI Models Is Already Over

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“Altman’s statement suggests that GPT-4 could be the last major advance to emerge from OpenAI’s strategy of making the models bigger and feeding them more data. He did not say what kind of research strategies or techniques might take its place. In the paper describing GPT-4, OpenAI says its estimates suggest diminishing returns on scaling up model size. Altman said there are also physical limits to how many data centers the company can build and how quickly it can build them.
Nick Frosst, a cofounder at Cohere who previously worked on AI at Google, says Altman’s feeling that going bigger will not work indefinitely rings true. He, too, believes that progress on transformers, the type of machine learning model at the heart of GPT-4 and its rivals, lies beyond scaling. “There are lots of ways of making transformers way, way better and more useful, and lots of them don’t involve adding parameters to the model,” he says. Frosst says that new AI model designs, or architectures, and further tuning based on human feedback are promising directions that many researchers are already exploring.”

Source : OpenAI’s CEO Says the Age of Giant AI Models Is Already Over | WIRED

À quoi ressemblerait votre réseau social idéal ?

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“Désinformation, polarisation des opinions, bulles de filtres, harcèlement, surveillance, etc. Les réseaux sociaux font beaucoup parler. Souvent en mal. Depuis sa prise de contrôle par Elon Musk, en octobre 2022, Twitter est plongé dans un chaos opérationnel. Facebook est quant à lui régulièrement critiqué pour avoir négligé les enjeux de désinformation, de vie privée ou de diffusion des contenus haineux. Sans parler de Tiktok, accusé de complicité d’espionnage au profit de la Chine. On a demandé à six témoins, journalistes et chercheurs spécialistes du numérique, à quoi pourrait ressembler le réseau social idéal. ”

Source : À quoi ressemblerait votre réseau social idéal ? | la revue des médias

Progrès technologiques: «Les machines n’ont pas d’intelligence. Mais elles en auront»

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“Les êtres humains sont complexes. Même si notre néocortex est très développé, nous restons des animaux, avec une partie de cerveau ancienne et des instincts de survie, de reproduction… Nos aspirations plus élevées, nos questionnements philosophiques sont souvent en conflit avec nos pulsions et nos désirs, qui peuvent nous pousser à mentir, à voler, à souhaiter du mal à autrui. La plupart des gens peinent à séparer ces deux choses. Ils pensent que l’une n’est pas possible sans l’autre. Mais le type de machine intelligente que nous voulons créer ne sera pas sujette à ces pulsions. Et elle ne pourra pas les développer. Les IA ne peuvent pas nous poser de risque existentiel, vouloir nous détruire ou prendre le contrôle du monde. Le vrai danger lié à cette technologie, c’est qu’elle soit utilisée à des mauvaises fins: désinformation, abus de pouvoir, etc. Ce risque-là, bien sûr, est réel.” – Jeff Hawkins, ex. Palm, Numenta

Source : Progrès technologiques: «Les machines n’ont pas d’intelligence. Mais elles en auront» | 24 heures

“Augmented reality allows us to spend more time focusing on what matters in the real world, in our real lives. It can break down communication barriers — and help us better understand each other by making language visible. Watch what happens when we bring technologies like transcription and translation to your line of sight.”

via Google – YouTube

Web 3.0: the decentralised web promises to make the internet free again

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“The DWeb also comes with some significant legal and regulatory risks. It would make policing cybercrime, including online harassment, hate speech and child abuse images, even more difficult because of its lack of central control and access to data. A centralised web helps governments make large corporations enforce rules and laws. In a decentralised web, it wouldn’t even necessarily be clear which country’s laws applied to a particular website, if its content was hosted all around the world. This concern brings us back to debates from the 1990s, when legal scholars were arguing for and against the influence national laws could have on internet regulation. The DWeb essentially reflects the cyber-libertarian views and hopes of the past that the internet can empower ordinary people by breaking down existing power structures.
Decentralised systems also don’t necessarily abolish unequal power structures, but can instead replace one with an another. For instance, Bitcoin works by saving records of financial transactions on a network of computers and is designed to bypass traditional financial institutions and give people greater control over their money. But its critics argue that it has turned into an oligopoly, since a large percentage of Bitcoin wealth is owned by a very small number of people.”

Source : Web 3.0: the decentralised web promises to make the internet free again

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