The “conjecture” that Hacking Team’s software has been used by repressive governments to spy on their citizens is backed up by a number of instances where the software implants have been identified and subjected to academic peer-review, not only by Marquis-Boire and other researchers with the University of Toronto’s Citizen Lab but also by security firms Arsenal Consulting and Kaspersky Labs. Documented cases of Hacking Team’s use include attacks against a Moroccan citizen-journalism site, an Emerati human rights activist, and Ethiopian journalists based in Washington D.C. Citizen Lab also identified suspected customers in several other countries with dubious human rights records, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Kazakhstan, by tracing back the chain of proxy servers used in Hacking Team attacks to the endpoints in the countries in which they originated.